ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON MAIZE PRODUCTION AMONG SMALLHOLDER FARMERS TO ENHANCE FOOD SECURITY IN BUNGOMA-NORTH SUB COUNTY
Abstract
Maize production is a cornerstone of food security in Kenya, particularly among smallholder farmers in rural regions. This study investigates the effects of environmental factors on maize production among smallholder farmers in Bungoma-North Sub County, Bungoma County, Kenya. The primary objective was to analyze how environmental determinants—such as rainfall variability, soil quality, temperature, and land topography—influence maize yields and, ultimately, food security in the region. Additionally, the study examined the interaction between environmental conditions and other supporting factors, including socioeconomic variables and access to extension services, which may moderate or compound environmental effects. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, targeting 10,548 smallholder maize farming households within the sub-county. A sample size of 318 respondents was selected through stratified and systematic sampling techniques. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics and inferential methods. The findings reveal that environmental factors significantly influence maize output, with irregular rainfall patterns, declining soil fertility, and climate variability presenting major challenges. The study underscores the need for climate-smart agricultural practices, timely extension support, and policies aimed at enhancing farmers’ adaptive capacity. These measures are crucial in ensuring sustainable maize production and improving food security in Bungoma-North Sub County.
Key words: Environmental Factors, Maize Production, Smallholder Farmers, Food Security, Bungoma-North Sub County.
CITATION: Kombe, M. N., Onamu, R., & Wamocha, L. (2025). Environmental factors on maize production among smallholder farmers to enhance food security in Bungoma-North Sub County. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 12 (2), 1570 – 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v12i2.3290
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v12i2.3290
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